Research Findings

The Data

By providing fresh socio-demographic data and qualitative findings from 257 American female converts to Islam, this research offers an accurate portrait that may remind Americans of themselves — and may begin to lessen the fear and misrepresentation that currently defines public discourse about Muslim Americans.

Core Finding

The distinction is real

When asked whether there is a difference between becoming Muslim — the formal declaration of faith known as the shahada — and feeling Muslim, 73.15% of respondents affirmed yes. Many gave rich, detailed descriptions of the subtle nuances between being, becoming, and feeling Muslim.

One major theme that emerged: feeling Muslim is a gradual process, a transition — marked by the ebb and flow of positive and negative experiences. In other words, feeling Muslim does not always feel good, but sometimes it feels great.

The data presented here come from 257 anonymous American female converts to Islam who completed the full survey in 2014. Responses were gathered via Qualtrics and analyzed using both manual techniques and QDAMiner with WordStat (CAQDAS) for qualitative data analysis.

Core finding

73%

say there is a difference between becoming Muslim and feeling Muslim

Key Statistics

By the numbers

257 respondents · IRB-approved · University of Georgia · 2014

73%
Distinguish between becoming Muslim and feeling Muslim
The central finding — affirmed by 73.15% of respondents
41%
Say feeling Muslim develops gradually over time — the largest single theme
Followed by growth in knowledge (16%) and community belonging (15.6%)
80%
Report outside influences affect feelings of Muslimness
Community, acceptance, and belonging: both the strongest nurturing and hindering factor
60%
Converted to Islam post-9/11 — validating reports of a sharp rise in conversion
Possibly due to increasing awareness and investigation of Islam and Muslims
87%Want to feel integral to their Muslim community
but

The question is: are Muslim communities in America ready to accept their contributions?

48%Do not currently feel integral to their community

When did you begin to feel Muslim?

15 themes emerged — over time leads them all

Respondents manually recorded their responses to this open-ended question. 15 themes occurred more often than others. Many converts fit into more than one category — which is why the percentage sum exceeds 100%.

When respondents began to feel Muslim

Over time / gradual
41.6%
Growth in knowledge
16.0%
Community & belonging
15.6%
At the time of shahada
15.6%
Through practice
14.8%
Pre-conversion
14.4%
Rites of passage
12.5%
Self-directed ownership
5.1%
Connect to God
3.9%
Never felt Muslim
2.7%

In Their Own Words

What converts told us

On the distinction between being & feeling Muslim

"When I took the shahada I became Muslim, and had the intention to live my beliefs. I would say feeling Muslim is much more of a process. The more Islam became a part of my daily life the more I felt Muslim."

— Nicole · Feeling Muslim Study · 2014

On feeling Muslim as a process

"Just a state of being, an acceptance of how things are in the world metaphysically and physically. It's been an evolving process though — sincerity in a wide range of beliefs didn't come all at once but progressed over time."

— Sharon · Feeling Muslim Study · 2014

On being "othered" as a Muslim American

"Sometimes Muslims think Americans can't be Muslim, so I'm not accepted by the Americans because I'm Muslim and I'm not accepted by the Muslims because I'm American. This varies by community."

— Roberta · Feeling Muslim Study · 2014

On community and belonging

"Born Muslims generally don't know the convert experience — the loneliness, isolation, what it's like to be fasting Ramadan alone and having Eid be just another day. Creating infrastructure for converts is not a priority for over 90% of masajid."

— Gwen · Feeling Muslim Study · 2014

Outside Influences

What nurtures — and hinders —
feelings of Muslimness

80.54% of respondents answered yes — there were outside influences that either nurtured or hindered their feelings of Muslimness, with some reporting influences doing both. Only 15.18% reported no outside influence. The strongest theme to emerge as hindering: lack of community, acceptance, education, and belonging. The strongest theme as nurturing: having community, being accepted, being educated, and feeling a sense of belonging.

Nurturing factors

  • Acceptance and belonging within the Muslim community
  • Supportive Muslim friends, especially other converts
  • Access to Islamic education and learning
  • Regular prayer and practice
  • A welcoming, inclusive masjid community
  • A supportive Muslim spouse or partner

Hindering factors

  • Rejection or othering within the Muslim community
  • Cultural barriers between converts and born Muslims
  • Lack of convert-specific support or resources
  • Negative reactions from family and non-Muslim community
  • Isolation and lack of Muslim social connections
  • Unrealistic expectations from other Muslims

Deep Dive

Explore the full Demographic Portraits

10 annotated data figures — geography, race & ethnicity, education, prior belief, age at conversion, marital status, branches of Islam, and more — all grounded in the thesis.

View Demographic Portraits →

Demographics

Who responded

Age at conversion

Under 1811%
18–2434%
25–3431%
35–4414%
45+10%

Years as Muslim

Less than 1 year5%
1–3 years18%
4–7 years22%
8–15 years29%
15+ years26%

Sect of Islam

Sunni71%
Shia7%
Sufi6%
Non-denominational11%
Other5%

"A new moon teaches gradualness and deliberation, and how one gives birth to oneself slowly."

— Rumi